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All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI10) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def /UniqueID 5087385 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.00B) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. 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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMSY8 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY8 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:22:10 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY8) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY8 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-30 -955 1185 779}readonly def /UniqueID 5000818 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI8 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI8 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:54 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI8) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI8 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-24 -250 1110 750}readonly def /UniqueID 5087383 def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D6A8F05B47AF95EF28A9C561DBDC98C47CF5 5250011D19E9366EB6FD153D3A100CAA6212E3D5D93990737F8D326D347B7EDC 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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMMI12 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100 %%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.100) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMMI12) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.04 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMMI12 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def /UniqueID 5087386 def currentdict end currentfile eexec D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D6A8F05B47AF95EF28A9C561DBDC98C47CF5 5250011D19E9366EB6FD153D3A100CAA6212E3D5D93990737F8D326D347B7EDC 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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: XYDASH10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: XYDASH10 001.104 %%CreationDate: 1997 Jul 20 21:19:18 %%RevisionDate: 1997 Aug 28 05:34:12 %%RevisionDate: 1997 Sep 18 10:23:31 % % XYDASH10: line segments for Xy-pic at 10 point % % Original Metafont design Copyright (C) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose. % PostScript adaptation Copyright (C) 1994-1997 Ross Moore. % Hinting and ATM compatibility Copyright (C) 1997 Y&Y, Inc. % % This file is part of the Xy-pic macro package. % Xy-pic Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose % % The Xy-pic macro package is free software; you can redistribute it % and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License % as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 % of the License, or (at your option) any later version. % % The Xy-pic macro package is distributed in the hope that it will % be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied % warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. % See the GNU General Public License for more details. % % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License % along with this macro package; if not, write to the % Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (001.104) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 Ross Moore and Y&Y, Inc.) readonly def /FullName (XYDASH10) readonly def /FamilyName (XYDASH) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def /UnderlinePosition -300 def /UnderlineThickness 150 def end readonly def /FontName /XYDASH10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 78 /d78 put dup 81 /d81 put dup 86 /d86 put dup 104 /d104 put dup 109 /d109 put dup 111 /d111 put dup 113 /d113 put readonly def /FontBBox{-40 -520 503 520}readonly def /UniqueID 5092844 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: XYBTIP10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: XYBTIP10 001.104 %%CreationDate: 1997 Jul 20 21:19:18 %%RevisionDate: 1997 Sep 14 19:58:47 % % XYBTIP10: lower arrow tips for Xy-pic at 10 point "technical style". % % Original Metafont design Copyright (C) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose. % PostScript adaptation Copyright (C) 1994-1997 Ross Moore. % Hinting and ATM compatibility Copyright (C) 1997 Y&Y, Inc. % % This file is part of the Xy-pic macro package. % Xy-pic Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose % % The Xy-pic macro package is free software; you can redistribute it % and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License % as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 % of the License, or (at your option) any later version. % % The Xy-pic macro package is distributed in the hope that it will % be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied % warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. % See the GNU General Public License for more details. % % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License % along with this macro package; if not, write to the % Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (001.104) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 Ross Moore and Y&Y, Inc.) readonly def /FullName (XYBTIP10) readonly def /FamilyName (XYBTIP) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def /UnderlinePosition -276 def /UnderlineThickness 138 def end readonly def /FontName /XYBTIP10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 38 /d38 put dup 39 /d39 put dup 40 /d40 put dup 42 /d42 put dup 47 /d47 put dup 52 /d52 put dup 54 /d54 put dup 55 /d55 put dup 56 /d56 put readonly def /FontBBox{-542 -542 542 542}readonly def /UniqueID 5092839 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: XYATIP10 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: XYATIP10 001.104 %%CreationDate: 1997 Jul 20 21:19:17 %%RevisionDate: 1997 Sep 14 19:58:47 % % XYATIP10: upper arrow tips for Xy-pic at 10 point "technical style". % % Original Metafont design Copyright (C) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose. % PostScript adaptation Copyright (C) 1994-1997 Ross Moore. % Hinting and ATM compatibility Copyright (C) 1997 Y&Y, Inc. % % This file is part of the Xy-pic macro package. % Xy-pic Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Kristoffer H. Rose % % The Xy-pic macro package is free software; you can redistribute it % and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License % as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 % of the License, or (at your option) any later version. % % The Xy-pic macro package is distributed in the hope that it will % be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied % warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. % See the GNU General Public License for more details. % % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License % along with this macro package; if not, write to the % Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 9 dict dup begin /version (001.104) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 Ross Moore and Y&Y, Inc.) readonly def /FullName (XYATIP10) readonly def /FamilyName (XYATIP) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def /UnderlinePosition -276 def /UnderlineThickness 138 def end readonly def /FontName /XYATIP10 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 38 /d38 put dup 39 /d39 put dup 40 /d40 put dup 42 /d42 put dup 47 /d47 put dup 52 /d52 put dup 54 /d54 put dup 55 /d55 put dup 56 /d56 put readonly def /FontBBox{-542 -542 542 542}readonly def /UniqueID 5092838 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR12 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR12 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:38:05 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMR12) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMR12 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-34 -251 988 750}readonly def /UniqueID 5000794 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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All Rights Reserved. 11 dict begin /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin /version (1.0) readonly def /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def /FullName (CMSY7) readonly def /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def /Weight (Medium) readonly def /ItalicAngle -14.035 def /isFixedPitch false def end readonly def /FontName /CMSY7 def /PaintType 0 def /FontType 1 def /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for dup 0 /.notdef put readonly def /FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def /UniqueID 5000817 def currentdict end currentfile eexec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cleartomark %%EndFont %%BeginFont: CMR8 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR8 1.0 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:40 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. 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b(an)g(undirected)g(graph,)f(determine)g(if)g(it)f(is)h(bipartite.)257 2247 y Ff(NC)426 2211 y Fs(1)514 2247 y Ft(Reac)m(habilit)m(y)f(in)h(a) g(b)s(ounded-width)h(la)m(y)m(ered)g(graph.)501 2367 y(The)h(Bo)s(olean)d(F)-8 b(orm)m(ula)30 b(V)-8 b(alue)32 b(problem.)501 2487 y(The)k(w)m(ord)g(problem)e(o)m(v)m(er)j(the)e (group)h Fi(S)2052 2502 y Fs(5)2126 2487 y Ft(\(for)f(that)g(matter,)g (o)m(v)m(er)i(an)m(y)e(\034nite)501 2608 y(non-solv)-5 b(able)31 b(monoid\).)501 2728 y(Fixed)37 b(Regular)f(expression)j(mem) m(b)s(ership:)52 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(a)h(\034xed)i(regular)d(expression) 501 2849 y Fi(r)48 b Ft(o)m(v)m(er)e(some)f(alphab)s(et)f Fp(\006)p Ft(,)k(giv)m(en)d(a)g(string)f Fi(x)49 b Fj(2)g Fp(\006)2571 2812 y Fg(\003)2611 2849 y Ft(,)f(determine)d(whether)501 2969 y Fi(x)28 b Fj(2)g Fi(L)p Fp(\()p Fi(r)s Fp(\))p Ft(.)257 3141 y SDict begin H.S end 257 3141 a 257 3141 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 3141 a 257 3141 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (section.3) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 3141 a 157 x Fu(3)156 b(Lesser-kno)l(wn)51 b(classes)257 3517 y Ft(By)25 b(v)-5 b(arying)24 b(parameters)g (appropriately)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)27 b(NC)2344 3481 y Fs(1)2408 3517 y Ft(and)d(LogCFL,)g(w)m(e)h(get)f(some)257 3638 y(lesser-kno)m(wn)34 b(classes)g(in)e(this)g(range:)257 3793 y SDict begin H.S end 257 3793 a 257 3793 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 3793 a 257 3793 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (subsection.3.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 3793 a 130 x Fl(3.1)131 b(Syn)l(tactic)46 b(restrictions)403 4108 y Fj(\017)i Ft(BP-width:)70 b(Within)44 b(p)s(olysize,)49 b(constan)m(t-width)c(BPs)i(giv)m(es)f(NC)3066 4072 y Fs(1)3152 4108 y Ft(and)f(un-)501 4228 y(b)s(ounded)36 b(width)e(BPs)i(giv)m(e)f(NLOG.)f(One)i(could)e(th)m(us)i(consider)f (width)g Fi(w)s Fp(\()p Fi(n)p Fp(\))501 4349 y Ft(BPs,)43 b(for)c Fi(w)j Ft(a)e(function)f(of)g Fi(n)p Ft(.)65 b(Vina)m(y)40 b(sho)m(w)m(ed)i([)2421 4349 y SDict begin H.S end 2421 4349 a Ft(41)2518 4284 y SDict begin H.R end 2518 4284 a 2518 4349 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.vinay96) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2518 4349 a Ft(])e(that)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h(p)s(olylog)501 4469 y Fi(w)52 b Fj(2)d Fi(O)s Fp(\(log)17 b Fi(n)1054 4433 y Fh(i)1082 4469 y Fp(\))p Ft(,)49 b(the)c(corresp)s(onding)g(class)g (is)g(closed)g(under)h(complemen)m(t.)501 4589 y(But)28 b(nothing)f(m)m(uc)m(h)h(more)f(is)g(kno)m(wn.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(instance,)j(ev)m(en)h(the)e(smallest)e(class)501 4710 y(here,)39 b(log-width)c(BPs,)k(lying)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)j(NC)2192 4674 y Fs(1)2269 4710 y Ft(and)e(DLOG,)g(is)f(not)h(kno)m(wn)i(to)501 4830 y(capture)33 b(an)m(y)h(natural)d(problem)g(in)h(this)g(range.)403 5027 y Fj(\017)48 b Ft(OR)24 b(fanin:)38 b(Within)22 b(p)s(oly)i(size)g(log)e(depth)j(circuits)e(with)h(constan)m(t)h(AND)f (fanin,)501 5147 y(v)-5 b(arying)38 b(OR)g(fanin)g(from)f(constan)m(t)i (to)g(p)s(olynomial)c(tak)m(es)k(us)h(from)d(NC)3330 5111 y Fs(1)3409 5147 y Ft(to)501 5268 y(SA)m(C)695 5232 y Fs(1)766 5268 y Ft(\(i.e.)30 b(LogCFL\).)g(What)g(ab)s(out)g(OR)g (fanin)f Fi(f)11 b Fp(\()p Fi(n)p Fp(\))30 b Ft(where)h Fi(f)41 b Ft(is,)31 b(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(p)s(oly-)501 5388 y(log?)52 b(Again,)36 b(Vina)m(y)f(sho)m(w)m(ed)j(closure)e(under) g(complemen)m(t,)g([)2879 5388 y SDict begin H.S end 2879 5388 a Ft(41)2977 5324 y SDict begin H.R end 2977 5324 a 2977 5388 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.vinay96) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2977 5388 a Ft(].)53 b(Also,)36 b(just)1852 5637 y(8)p eop end %%Page: 9 9 TeXDict begin 9 8 bop 0 0 a SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end 0 0 a 257 266 a SDict begin H.S end 257 266 a 257 266 a SDict begin H.R end 257 266 a 257 266 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.9) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 266 a 501 573 a Ft(as)35 b(SA)m(C)817 537 y Fs(1)892 573 y Ft(con)m(tains)g(NLOG)f(\(at)g Fi(f)46 b Ft(=)34 b(p)s(oly\),)h(eac)m(h)g(of)g(these)h(classes)f(con)m (tains)501 693 y(the)28 b(corresp)s(onding)e(BP-width-constrained)g (class)h(describ)s(ed)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)42 b(But)27 b(do)501 814 y(they)34 b(capture)f(an)m(y)g(natural)e(problems?)403 1057 y Fj(\017)48 b Ft(Circuit-width:)64 b(Constraining)42 b(circuit)h(width)g(alone)g(to)g(p)s(olylog)f(giv)m(es)i(the)501 1177 y(SC)29 b(hierarc)m(h)m(y)-8 b(,)30 b(and)f(v)m(ery)h(little)c(of) i(the)h(NC)g(hierarc)m(h)m(y)g(is)f(kno)m(wn)i(to)e(lie)f(within)501 1297 y(it.)51 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)39 b(the)c(de\034ning)h(prop)s(ert)m (y)g(separating)e(LogCFL)h(from)f(P)i(is)f(p)s(oly)501 1418 y(size)e(pro)s(of)e(trees)i(\(also)e(referred)i(to)f(as)g(p)s(oly) g(degree\).)44 b(One)32 b(could)g(com)m(bine)f(a)501 1538 y(width)h(restriction)e(with)h(a)h(degree)g(restriction)f(to)g (obtain)g(a)g(sub-hierarc)m(h)m(y)i(of)501 1658 y(SC)26 b(within)f(LogCFL.)g(Lima)m(y)m(e)f(et)i(al)e([)1921 1658 y SDict begin H.S end 1921 1658 a Ft(26)2019 1594 y SDict begin H.R end 2019 1594 a 2019 1658 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.LMR07) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2019 1658 a Ft(])i(de\034ne)g(what)g(they)g(call)e(small)f(SC)j (de-)501 1779 y(noted)i(sSC:)g(its)f Fi(i)p Ft(th)g(lev)m(el)g(has)h(p) s(oly)e(size)i(p)s(oly)e(degree)i Fi(O)s Fp(\(log)2794 1736 y Fh(i)2823 1779 y Fp(\))f Ft(width)g(circuits.)501 1899 y(Again,)47 b(eac)m(h)f(lev)m(el)e(here)h(con)m(tains)g(the)g (corresp)s(onding)g(width-constrained)501 2020 y(BPs,)36 b(though)f(no)g(relationship)e(with)h(the)h(constrained-OR-fanin)e (circuits)h(is)501 2140 y(kno)m(wn.)76 b(Though)43 b(these)h(classes)g (are)f(not)f(y)m(et)i(kno)m(wn)g(to)e(b)s(e)h(closed)g(under)501 2260 y(complemen)m(t,)31 b([)1099 2260 y SDict begin H.S end 1099 2260 a Ft(26)1197 2196 y SDict begin H.R end 1197 2196 a 1197 2260 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.LMR07) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 1197 2260 a Ft(])g(sho)m(ws)i(that)e(co-sSC)2031 2224 y Fh(i)2092 2260 y Ft(is)g(in)f(sSC)2463 2224 y Fs(2)p Fh(i)2528 2260 y Ft(.)43 b(A)m(t)32 b(the)g(smallest)e(lev)m(el,)501 2381 y(sSC)663 2345 y Fs(0)742 2381 y Ft(equals)38 b(SC)1167 2345 y Fs(0)1207 2381 y Ft(,)i(but)e(it)f(is)h(not)g(kno)m(wn)h (whether)g(sSC)2699 2345 y Fs(1)2778 2381 y Ft(is)f(as)g(p)s(o)m(w)m (erful)g(as)501 2501 y(SC)625 2465 y Fs(1)665 2501 y Ft(.)257 2681 y SDict begin H.S end 257 2681 a 257 2681 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 2681 a 257 2681 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (subsection.3.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 2681 a 158 x Fl(3.2)131 b(Language/Automata-theoretic)42 b(constructs)403 3040 y Fj(\017)48 b Ft(Let)42 b(us)g(tak)m(e)g(a)f (closer)h(lo)s(ok)e(at)h(Figures)2113 3040 y SDict begin H.S end 2113 3040 a Ft(1)2162 2975 y SDict begin H.R end 2162 2975 a 2162 3040 a SDict begin [ /Color [1 0 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (figure.1) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2162 3040 a Ft(,)2230 3040 y SDict begin H.S end 2230 3040 a Ft(2)2279 2975 y SDict begin H.R end 2279 2975 a 2279 3040 a SDict begin [ /Color [1 0 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (figure.2) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2279 3040 a Ft(.)70 b(NC)2519 3003 y Fs(1)2601 3040 y Ft(equals)41 b(the)h(closure)g(of)501 3160 y(regular)36 b(languages.)56 b(Y)-8 b(et)38 b(some)f(non-trivial)d (non-regular)h(CFL)i(families)d(are)501 3280 y(included)39 b(in)g(it.)63 b(These)42 b(include)d(paren)m(thesis)h(languages)f([) 2801 3280 y SDict begin H.S end 2801 3280 a Ft(8)2850 3216 y SDict begin H.R end 2850 3216 a 2850 3280 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.Bus87) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 2850 3280 a Ft(],)i(visibly)e(push-)501 3401 y(do)m(wn)49 b(languages)d(VPLs)j([)1547 3401 y SDict begin H.S end 1547 3401 a Ft(3)1596 3336 y SDict begin H.R end 1596 3336 a 1596 3401 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.AM04) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 1596 3401 a Ft(,)1670 3401 y SDict begin H.S end 1670 3401 a Ft(14)1768 3336 y SDict begin H.R end 1768 3336 a 1768 3401 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.Dym88) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 1768 3401 a Ft(],)i(linear)46 b(CFLs)i(with)f(an)g(LL[1])h(condition)501 3521 y([)528 3521 y SDict begin H.S end 528 3521 a Ft(17)626 3457 y SDict begin H.R end 626 3457 a 626 3521 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.IJR88) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 626 3521 a Ft(].)63 b(\(Imp)s(osing)37 b(an)i(LR[1])g(condition)f(is) g(what)h(corresp)s(onds)i(to)d(determin-)501 3641 y(ism.)62 b(Th)m(us)41 b(CFLs)e(with)g(an)g(LR[1])g(condition)f(equal)g(DCFLs,)k (linear)c(CFLs)501 3762 y(with)k(an)h(LR[1])f(condition)f(equal)i 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4786 y(cannot)32 b(accept)h Fi(a)1174 4750 y Fh(n)1222 4786 y Fi(ba)1314 4750 y Fh(n)1361 4786 y Ft(:)44 b(is)31 b Fi(a)h Ft(a)g(push)h(letter)f(or)g(a)g(p)s(op)g(letter?\).)42 b(In)33 b([)3108 4786 y SDict begin H.S end 3108 4786 a Ft(3)3157 4722 y SDict begin H.R end 3157 4722 a 3157 4786 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.AM04) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 3157 4786 a Ft(],)f(it)f(w)m(as)501 4907 y(sho)m(wn)i(that)f(VP)-8 b(As)32 b(can)g(b)s(e)g(determinized;)f (th)m(us)i(VPLs)f(are)g(in)f(DCFLs.)44 b(But)501 5027 y(w)m(ell)d(b)s(efore)g(this)g(w)m(as)h(kno)m(wn,)j(these)e(languages)d (had)i(b)s(een)g(studied)f(under)501 5147 y(the)i(name)f(input-driv)m (en)h(languages.)73 b(Dymond)43 b(ga)m(v)m(e)g(a)g(nice)f(construction) 501 5268 y([)528 5268 y SDict begin H.S end 528 5268 a Ft(14)626 5204 y SDict begin H.R end 626 5204 a 626 5268 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.Dym88) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 626 5268 a Ft(])32 b(sho)m(wing)g(that)g(they)h(are)f (in)g(fact)g(in)f(NC)2210 5232 y Fs(1)2250 5268 y Ft(.)43 b(His)32 b(approac)m(h)g(is)g(generic)g(and)501 5388 y(w)m(orks)i(not)e(just)h(for)f(VP)-8 b(As)34 b(but)f(for)f(an)m(y)h (PD)m(A)h(satisfying)d(the)i(follo)m(wing:)1852 5637 y(9)p eop end %%Page: 10 10 TeXDict begin 10 9 bop 0 0 a SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end 0 0 a 257 266 a SDict begin H.S end 257 266 a 257 266 a SDict begin H.R end 257 266 a 257 266 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.10) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 266 a 257 473 a SDict begin H.S end 257 473 a 257 473 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 473 a 257 473 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Item.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 473 a 591 573 a Ft(1.)49 b(no)32 b Fi(")g Ft(mo)m(v)m(es,)257 614 y SDict begin H.S end 257 614 a 257 614 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 614 a 257 614 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Item.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 614 a 591 737 a Ft(2.)49 b(an)32 b(accepting)h(run)g(should)f(end)h(with)f(an)h (empt)m(y)g(stac)m(k,)257 779 y SDict begin H.S end 257 779 a 257 779 a SDict begin 14.5 H.A end 257 779 a 257 779 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Item.3) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 779 a 591 902 a Ft(3.)49 b(the)29 b(heigh)m(t)f(of)f(the)i(pushdo)m(wn,)i(after)d(pro)s(cessing)g Fi(i)h Ft(letters)f(of)g(the)h(input,)716 1022 y(should)48 b(b)s(e)g(computable)f(in)h(NC)2003 986 y Fs(1)2043 1022 y Ft(.)90 b(If)48 b(there)h(is)f(more)f(than)i(one)f(run)716 1143 y(\(nondeterministic)27 b(PD)m(A\),)j(and)f(if)f(the)h(heigh)m(t)g (pro\034les)f(across)i(di\033eren)m(t)716 1263 y(runs)e(are)f (di\033eren)m(t,)h(then)f(the)h(heigh)m(ts)f(computed)g(should)g(b)s(e) g(consisten)m(t)716 1384 y(with)k(a)h(single)f(run.)44 b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)31 b(if)g(there)i(is)e(an)h(accepting)g(run,)h (then)716 1504 y(the)41 b(heigh)m(ts)g(computed)g(should)f(b)s(e)h (consisten)m(t)h(with)e(some)g(accepting)716 1624 y(run.)501 1835 y(F)-8 b(or)38 b(suc)m(h)i(PD)m(A,)g(Dymond)f(transforms)f(the)h (problem)f(of)g(recognition)f(to)h(an)501 1955 y(instance)31 b(of)g(form)m(ula)d(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(problem,)e(and)i(then)h(in)m(v)m (ok)m(es)g(Buss's)h(ALogTime)501 2075 y(algorithm)d([)973 2075 y SDict begin H.S end 973 2075 a Ft(8)1021 2011 y SDict begin H.R end 1021 2011 a 1021 2075 a SDict begin [ /Color [0 1 0] /H /I /Border [0 0 12] /Subtype /Link /Dest (cite.Bus87) cvn H.B /ANN pdfmark end 1021 2075 a Ft(])j(for)f(it.)501 2241 y(VP)-8 b(As)27 b(satisfy)e(these)i(conditions)d(\(with)h(appropriate)f(padding)h(to)g (satisfy)g(con-)501 2361 y(dition)39 b(\(2\)\).)69 b(But)41 b(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(ac)m(hiev)m(ed)h(via)e(condition)g (\(3\).)68 b(The)501 2481 y(heigh)m(t)44 b(pro\034les)f(of)g(all)f 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y(enc)-5 b(e)p Fe(,)32 b(pages)e (270\025284,)i(1991.)257 3035 y SDict begin H.S end 257 3035 a 257 3035 a SDict begin 13.6 H.A end 257 3035 a 257 3035 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (cite.vinay96) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 3035 a 132 x Fe([41])50 b(V.)30 b(Vina)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(Hierarc)m(hies)31 b(of)g(circuit)g(classes)f (that)h(are)g(closed)g(under)g(complemen)m(t.)43 b(In)447 3280 y Fd(CCC)26 b('96:)38 b(Pr)-5 b(o)g(c)g(e)g(e)g(dings)32 b(of)27 b(the)h(11th)g(A)n(nnual)f(IEEE)g(Confer)-5 b(enc)g(e)29 b(on)f(Computational)447 3393 y(Complexity)p Fe(,)45 b(pages)d(108\025117,)47 b(W)-8 b(ashington,)46 b(DC,)d(USA,)f(1996.)g (IEEE)i(Computer)447 3506 y(So)s(ciet)m(y)-8 b(.)257 3524 y SDict begin H.S end 257 3524 a 257 3524 a SDict begin 13.6 H.A end 257 3524 a 257 3524 a SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (cite.vollmertext) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end 257 3524 a 132 x Fe([42])50 b(H.)55 b(V)-8 b(ollmer.)118 b Fd(Intr)-5 b(o)g(duction)56 b(to)g(Cir)-5 b(cuit)55 b(Complexity:)88 b(A)56 b(Uniform)e(Appr)-5 b(o)g(ach)p Fe(.)447 3769 y(Springer-V)d(erlag)33 b(New)d(Y)-8 b(ork)30 b(Inc.,)h(1999.)1828 5637 y Ft(16)p eop end %%Trailer userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF