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end readonly def
/FontName /CMR5 def
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/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
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dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-341 -250 1304 965}readonly def
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currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: TeX-cmex7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: TeX-cmex7 001.001
% Filtered by type1fix.pl 0.05
%%EndComments
13 dict dup begin
/FontInfo 16 dict dup begin
/Copyright (see\040copyright\040of\040original\040TeX\040font) def
/FamilyName (TeX\040cmex7) def
/FullName (TeX\040cmex7\040Regular) def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/Notice (converted\040after\040April\0402001) def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
/Weight (Regular) def
/isFixedPitch false def
/version (001.001) def
end readonly def
/FontName /TeX-cmex7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 82 /R put
readonly def
/FontBBox {-14 -2954 1627 771} readonly def
/UniqueID 4314415 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /parenleftbig put
dup 1 /parenrightbig put
dup 16 /parenleftBig put
dup 17 /parenrightBig put
dup 18 /parenleftbigg put
dup 19 /parenrightbigg put
dup 20 /bracketleftbigg put
dup 21 /bracketrightbigg put
dup 26 /braceleftbigg put
dup 32 /parenleftBigg put
dup 33 /parenrightBigg put
dup 80 /summationtext put
dup 81 /producttext put
dup 82 /integraltext put
dup 88 /summationdisplay put
dup 89 /productdisplay put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSS8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSS8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 17:34:12
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSS8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
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end readonly def
/FontName /CMSS8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-65 -250 1062 761}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000801 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: TeX-cmex8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: TeX-cmex8 001.001
% Filtered by type1fix.pl 0.05
%%EndComments
13 dict dup begin
/FontInfo 16 dict dup begin
/Copyright (see\040copyright\040of\040original\040TeX\040font) def
/FamilyName (TeX\040cmex8) def
/FullName (TeX\040cmex8\040Regular) def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/Notice (converted\040after\040April\0402001) def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
/Weight (Regular) def
/isFixedPitch false def
/version (001.001) def
end readonly def
/FontName /TeX-cmex8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 80 /P put
dup 82 /R put
readonly def
/FontBBox {-29 -2957 1554 772} readonly def
/UniqueID 4314416 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA06DA87FC7163A5A2A756A598FAB07633
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI7
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI7 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:53
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI7) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{0 -250 1171 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087382 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY6
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:34
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-4 -948 1329 786}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000816 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
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%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI6
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%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
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currentdict end
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%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR6 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:02
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR6) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR6 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-20 -250 1193 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000789 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSS12
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSS12 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 17:33:47
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSS12) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSS12 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-62 -251 978 758}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000804 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:22:10
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-30 -955 1185 779}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000818 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:40
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-36 -250 1070 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000791 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI8 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:54
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -250 1110 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087383 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: MSBM10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: MSBM10 2.1
%%CreationDate: 1993 Sep 17 11:10:37
% Math Symbol fonts were designed by the American Mathematical Society.
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (2.1) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (MSBM10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Euler) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /MSBM10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 70 /F put
dup 78 /N put
dup 82 /R put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-55 -420 2343 920}readonly def
/UniqueID 5031982 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR12
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR12 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:38:05
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR12) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR12 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-34 -251 988 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000794 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMMI12
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI12 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087386 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
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/FontName /CMSY7 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
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/FontBBox{-15 -951 1252 782}readonly def
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2376 a 377 2518 a FE(1.)48 b(A)26 b(resurgence)i(of)e(in)m(terest)h(in)
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2939 a 377 3081 a FE(2.)48 b(Linear)34 b(time)g(enco)s(dable/deco)s
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3267 y
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2124 3644 a
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1256 a 170 x FF(2)156 b(Bac)l(kground)257 1559 y
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1559 a 257 1559 a
SDict begin 14.5 H.A end
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SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (subsection.2.1) cvn H.B /DEST
pdfmark end
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x Fu(2.1)131 b(Linear)44 b(and)g(LDPC)f(co)t(des)257
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f(linear)g(co)s(des.)52 b(A)35 b(binary)g(linear)e(co)s(de)j
FC(C)42 b FE(of)257 2004 y Fv(blo)-5 b(ck)42 b(length)f
FC(n)g FE(is)g(a)g(subspace)i(of)d Ft(F)1689 1968 y Fs(n)1689
2029 y Fr(2)1777 2004 y FE(where)i Ft(F)2128 2019 y Fr(2)2210
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b FE(is)g(the)i(\034eld)f(with)g(t)m(w)m(o)257 2125 y(elemen)m(ts.)i
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FE(where)h FC(k)i FE(is)c(the)i(dimension)257 2245 y(of)36
b FC(C)42 b FE(\(as)36 b(a)f(v)m(ector)i(space)g(o)m(v)m(er)f
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e(dimension)f FC(k)s FE(,)j(the)f(co)s(de)g FC(C)34 b
FE(can)27 b(b)s(e)g(describ)s(ed)g(as)257 2486 y(the)f(k)m(ernel)f(of)g
(a)g(matrix)e FC(H)35 b Fq(2)28 b Ft(F)1455 2435 y Fr(\()p
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y Fr(2)1748 2486 y FE(,)f(so)e(that)g FC(C)34 b FB(=)28
b Fq(f)p FC(c)f Fq(2)h Ft(F)2600 2450 y Fs(n)2600 2511
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Fq(g)c FE(\(w)m(e)i(treat)257 2606 y(co)s(dew)m(ords)35
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2847 y(form)32 b(a)h(basis)f(of)h(the)g(dual)f(space)i
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3208 y(co)s(des,)49 b(whic)m(h)d(w)m(ere)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(and)h
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3208 a
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SDict begin H.S end
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3569 y
SDict begin 14.5 H.L end
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SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (Hfootnote.3) cvn /H /I /Border
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SDict begin H.S end
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FD(3)554 3816 y
SDict begin 14.5 H.L end
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SDict begin H.S end
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a 407 4890 a
SDict begin H.R end
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SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Hfootnote.3) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark
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SDict begin H.S end
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5189 a
SDict begin H.R end
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SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Hfootnote.4) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark
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(represen)n(tation)g(applies)h(for)g(an)n(y)g(linear)g(co)r(de.)36
b(But)25 b(the)g(resulting)f(graph)f(will)257 5388 y(b)r(e)28
b(sparse,)f(and)g(hence)h(amenable)e(to)i(linear)f(time)h(algorithms,)e
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SDict begin H.S end
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SDict begin 14.5 H.A end
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SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (subsection.2.2) cvn H.B /DEST
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b(Their)257 3607 y(output)35 b(alphab)s(et)f(will)e(b)s(e)j(denoted)g
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SDict begin H.S end
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SDict begin H.R end
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4790 a
SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (Hfootnote.5) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark
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